The Uttar Pradesh Revenue Code, 2006 serves as the principal legal framework governing land rights, tenure, use and revenue administration in the state. According to official government sources, this comprehensive code consolidates important provisions that address fundamental questions about land ownership, title clarity, agricultural versus non-agricultural classification, and land use conversion for industrial purposes. The framework operates through multiple administrative bodies including the Revenue Department, Board of Revenue, Industrial Development Authorities and Invest UP, with the main industrial mechanism focusing on identification, acquisition, pooling, development and allotment of land for investment projects.
The framework incorporates advanced digital technologies for land management and record-keeping. As reported by government sources, UP Bhulekh provides digital land records with real-time khatauni access, while the Board of Revenue has implemented digitisation and geo-referencing of cadastral maps. The system includes recorded tenure holders, plot or khasra numbers, recorded area, village and tehsil details, and mutation status reflected in records. This digital infrastructure supports the Invest UP Land Bank portal and enables real-time land management across the state.
The framework operates through multiple Industrial Development Authorities including the Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Authority, Noida Authority, Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority, Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority, and Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority. According to government sources, these authorities are governed by specific government orders for land pooling and industrial land bank expansion. The system provides land-use approval under development plans, building-plan approval, environmental clearance, pollution-control consent, factory approval, fire-safety approval, and sector-specific licenses.
The framework includes a comprehensive land-pooling mechanism governed by specific government orders for Industrial Development Authorities. As reported by government sources, this system enables the expansion of industrial land banks through government orders. The approval process requires multiple clearances including land-use approval under development plans, building-plan approval, environmental clearance, pollution-control consent, factory approval, fire-safety approval, and approval from Industrial Development Authorities. Companies seeking industrial land must conduct legal and physical due diligence, review master plans and permitted land use, and obtain provisional or final allotment through the authority's procedures.
Despite the comprehensive framework, several challenges remain in implementation and execution. According to government sources, the framework lacks a single policy document and operates through multiple legal instruments including the Revenue Code, rules, government orders, authority procedures and digital portals. The system faces variations in allotment prices, lease tenure, construction obligations and transfer rules among different development authorities. Additionally, multiple approvals are required beyond revenue conversion, including planning, building, environmental and sectoral approvals, while legacy records and boundary discrepancies may persist even after digitisation efforts.
